Explaining Attitudes As Dependent Variable Education Essay Free Essays

3.0 Introduction There are 12 developments in this part. The principal development is a review of the part. We will compose a custom paper test on Clarifying Attitudes As Dependent Variable Education Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The second development examines related speculations utilized in this study. Next, talks about factors and speculation utilized in this study. The forward development focusing on Research Model and follow by populace and tests utilized in this overview. Segment six in this part clarify the instrument utilized and area seven of this section clarify quickly the estimating focuses utilized. Following region talk how the data collection done and follow by pilot overview and the steadfastness preliminary ramification for the pilot review. Area eleven examine about the data examination and close by the summarize of the part. 3.1 Related Theory In elucidating perspectives as reliant variable ( DV ) , this region will talk Diffusion of Innovation ( Rogers, 1995 ) and Technology Acceptance Model ( Davis et al, 1989 ) . For the autonomous variable ( IV ) , this development presents detected helpfulness, detected ease of use and outer elements that involve learning habits, web log competency and educators ‘ segment ( for example sexual orientation, twelvemonth of learning experience and guidance degree ) . 3.1.1 Diffusion of Innovation Model ( DOI ) Fitting to Rogers ( 1995 ) , an individual disposition towards another building is a cardinal segment in its dissemination. Rogers Innovation Decision Process hypothesis regions that developments dissemination is a method that happens extra time through five stages ( Figure 3.1 ) : Information †the individual gets conscious of a creation and has some idea of how it capacities. Influence †the individual structures a good or negative mentality towards the development. Choice †the individual participates in exercises that lead to a pick to follow or dismiss the creation. Execution †the individual places a creation into utilization. Affirmation †the individual assesses the results of an advancement choice as of now made.A Diffusion_of_Innovations_Theory-1.png Figure 3.1: Diffusion of Innovation Model ( Rogers, 1995 ) As Rogers ( 1995 ) had expressed that educators inspirational perspectives show their acceptance into the advancement choice method, this hypothesis seems important for utilization in study teachers ‘ mentalities towards web log use in learning. Instructors may hold previously experienced the Knowledge and Persuasion stages ( Rogers, 1995 ) . They likely continue to the Decision stage with the utilization of web sign in learning. Scholars have shown, mentalities can habitually declare future dynamic conduct ( Ajzen A ; Fishbein, 1980 ) . Zimbardo and Leippe ( 1991 ) characterized mentality as a rating demeanor toward some item dependent on proficiencies, affectional reactions, practices, and conduct purposes. Blending to Albirini ( 2004 ) and Chao ( 2005 ) , disposition is an educated affectability to respond and comprise three idea: Affectional †TheA affectiveA constituent of demeanor is said to stay of an individual ‘s rating of, wishing of, or passionate reaction to some situation, item, or person. Affectional reactions reflect one ‘s demeanor with esthesiss of pleasance, despondency, or different degrees of physical animating. Intellectual †TheA cognitiveA constituent of a mentality is conceptualized as an individual ‘s genuine cognizance of the situation, item, or individual, including oneself. At the end of the day, the psychological constituent alludes to how much an individual thinks about a subject, for example, registering machines. Conduct †TheA behaviouralA constituent of a disposition includes the individual ‘s open conduct coordinated toward a situation, item, or person. Along these lines, this study thought about the three ideas of perspectives. In view of past explores, the Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM ) by Davis et Al. ( 1989 ) has broadly used to investigate clients mentalities towards new designing. Davis et Al. ( 1989 ) focused on that demeanor of a client towards a framework was a significant determiner of whether the client will truly use or reject the framework. The accompanying region talks about the Technology Acceptance Model. 3.1.2 Technology Acceptance Model ( TAM ) Fitting to Davis et Al. ( 1989 ) , client mentality is affected by two significant convictions: saw value and detected ease of use, with detected ease of use holding an immediate effect on detected utility. At long last, both these convictions were recommended were straight impact by the framework configuration highlights spoke to by outside factors ( Figure 3.2 ) . Outside Variables Seen Usefulness Seen Ease of Use Demeanor towards Behavior Social Intention to Use Real System Use Figure 3.2: Technology Acceptance Model ( Davis et al. , 1989 ) Outside factors commonly incorporate framework highlights, client readiness, client commitment in plan, and the idea of the execution methodology ( Venkatesh A ; Davis, 1996 ) . As this exploration centers around teachers and guidance, the outer factors allude to learning habits, web log competency, and educators ‘ include which contain sex, mature ages of learning experience and level of guidance. 3.1.3 External Factors 3.1.3.1 Teaching Manners As refered to by Salem ( 2001 ) , learning habits allude to the processs or strategies received and utilized by the teacher so as to achieve the day by day points of the exercise. They are other than the conglobations of one ‘s positions, solid convictions, and assaults on the accomplishment of maximal outcomes in the educating learning methodology. Encouraging habits are close to home properties of an educator and shift starting with one teacher then onto the next. Orchestrating to Kaplan and Kies ( 1995 ) , learning habits alludes to â€Å" an educator ‘s individual conduct and media used to pass on informations to or have it from the researcher † and includes the execution of the teacher ‘s precept about guidance ( Conti, 2004 ) . Encouraging habits were characterized in various manners. Salem ( 2001 ) characterized learning habits as visual, audile, gathering, sensation, single and material. Visual guidance way †The educator presents the exercise through pictures, considers, outlines, diagrams, or other related representations. Sound-related learning way †The educator talks or gives unwritten records a large portion of the clasp. Gathering learning way †The teacher receives bunch cooperation and gathering treatment strategies in the learning the exercises. Sensation guidance way †The teacher draws in the understudies in physical movements as they get familiar with the point. Singular guidance way †The teacher requires single recitations, single endeavors, assignments, and so forth. Material learning way †The educator embraces â€Å" hands-on † exercises. While Salem ( 2001 ) offered six guidance habits, Heimlich ( 1990 ) proposed learning habits into four circles ; Expert, Provider, Facilitator and Enabler. Instructor with a â€Å" master † favored way are competent arranged and look for productivity in data sharing mainly through talk. The â€Å" provider † educators are student loped and want effectivity in learning. Strategies worked in to their way of learning incorporate gathering treatment, introduction and guided exercises. The â€Å" facilitator † educators are instructor trotted and the techniques for bearing rely upon able substance ; more than on the researchers. The â€Å" empowering influence † way of guidance is truly student jogged in that the researchers characterize both the action and the method in the obtaining condition. Cano et Al. ( 1992 ) , Raven et Al. ( 1993 ) and Whittington and Raven ( 1995 ) utilized Heimlich ( 1990 ) definition and point used to decide the themes ‘ favored guidance way. This instrument characterizes two circles, affectability ( capacity of the educator to ‘sense ‘ the common highlights of the gathering of researchers ) and consideration ( instructor ‘s eagerness and capacity to utilize procedures to elevate the larning experience dependent on the gatherings ‘ highlights ) . The low incorporation and low affectability quarter-circle is named â€Å" master. † An educator who scores in the low consideration and high affectability quarter-circle is named the â€Å" provider. † The high considerations and low affectability quarter-circle is marked â€Å" facilitator. † The finishing up measurement is the high consideration and high affectability quarter-circle and educators with this way are named â€Å" empowering influence. â €  Contrasted with others definition, Grasha ( 1996 ) is the 1 that famous among ongoing examination laborers ( Dugas, 2005 ; Kiong, 2006 ; Norzila et al. , 2007 ; Vaughn and Baker, 2008 ; Zamri et al. , 2009 ; Ahmad and Panai, 2010 ; and Kassaian and Ayatollahi, 2010 ) . Grasha ( 1994 ) place five guidance habits ; Expert, Formal Authority, Personal Model, Facilitator and Delegator. Master †Possess perception and expertness that student request. Endeavor to keep position as a specialist among students by uncovering elaborate discernment and by contesting understudies to uplift their competency. Worried about passing on data and safeguarding that understudies are acceptable arranged. Formal Authority †Possesses position among students on account of discernment and capacity as a module part. Worried about providing positive and negative input, set uping learning closures, standpoints, and guidelines of conduct for understudies. Worried about the right, worthy and standard approaches to make things and with providing understudies with the development they have to larn. Individual Model †Beliefs in â€

Free Essays on Adult Learning

Long lasting learning is as of now a reality for some grown-ups. Some take part in figuring out how to stay aware of the fast cultural changes, others to improve their insight and abilities. Notwithstanding, we know from work did in better places that a significant number of grown-ups don't take an interest in long lasting learning. Some face boundaries to get to that emerge for a scope of reasons, including money related imperatives and changing human asset advancement rehearses in firms. Be that as it may, for some grown-ups, obstructions to investment emerge in light of the fact that the accessible learning openings are inadequately adjusted to their adapting needs or the circumstances in which they get themselves. In the event that long lasting learning is to be a reality for those grown-ups that are currently barred, there is requirement for more than just an arrangement duty to serve all: we need more strategy and program know-how. In April 1998, the U.S. Branch of Education, held a global meeting on How Adults Learn. The object was to promote the comprehension of how projects and strategies could be better adjusted to the adapting needs of grown-ups who, up until now, have been underrepresented in deep rooted learning. As we continued looking for sound answers we searched out the perspectives and experience of analysts, specialists, and policymakers from various pieces of the world. The outcomes are a rich arrangement of exercises, some provocative inquiries, and proposals for new regions of request. I value the eagerness of the U.S. Branch of Education to distribute these outcomes to make them all the more broadly open. It is my expectation that the distributions will keep on working around there and sustain a useful discussion that will prompt extended open doors for grown-up deep rooted learning Deep rooted learning is a reality for grown-ups for an assortment of reasons. Some take part in figuring out how to stay aware of fast cultural changes, others to improve their insight and aptitudes. As grown-ups keep on living longer, and as full interest in the public eye depends increa... Free Essays on Adult Learning Free Essays on Adult Learning Deep rooted learning is as of now a reality for some grown-ups. Some participate in figuring out how to stay aware of the fast cultural changes, others to improve their insight and abilities. In any case, we know from work completed in better places that a generous number of grown-ups don't take an interest in long lasting learning. Some face hindrances to get to that emerge for a scope of reasons, including monetary requirements and changing human asset improvement rehearses in firms. In any case, for some grown-ups, boundaries to cooperation emerge in light of the fact that the accessible learning openings are ineffectively adjusted to their adapting needs or the circumstances in which they get themselves. On the off chance that long lasting learning is to be a reality for those grown-ups that are presently avoided, there is requirement for more than essentially an approach duty to serve all: we need more arrangement and program know-how. In April 1998, the U.S. Division of Education, held a worldwide gathering on How Adults Learn. The reason for existing was to encourage the comprehension of how projects and strategies could be better adjusted to the adapting needs of grown-ups who, up until this point, have been underrepresented in deep rooted learning. As we continued looking for sound answers we searched out the perspectives and experience of analysts, specialists, and policymakers from various pieces of the world. The outcomes are a rich arrangement of exercises, some provocative inquiries, and recommendations for new territories of request. I welcome the eagerness of the U.S. Division of Education to distribute these outcomes to make them all the more generally open. It is my expectation that the distributions will keep on working here and sustain a productive discussion that will prompt extended open doors for grown-up long lasting learning Long lasting learning is a reality for grown-ups for an assortment of reasons. Some take part in figuring out how to stay aware of quick cultural changes, others to improve their insight and aptitudes. As grown-ups keep on living longer, and as full investment in the public eye depends increa...

Poem Line Written in Early Spring Essay

William Wordsworth was conceived in 1770 in Wordsworth House in Cockermouth †some portion of the picturesque locale in northwest England, the Lake District. Wordsworth went to Hawkshead Grammar School where his enthusiasm for verse was perceived. Subsequent to leaving Hawkshead, Wordsworth concentrated in Cambridge and toward the finish of his training he started a mobile Tour of France, an encounter that without question impacted his verse. In 1793 are distributed his initial two assortments with verse An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. Wordsworth most noteworthy work is viewed as The Prelude, self-portraying sonnet, which he began composing at 28 years old and kept on dealing with it through a mind-blowing entirety and it’s distributed after his demise. Wordsworth is one of the primary Romantic Era artists. He imagined that the English verse must be founded preferably on emotions over acumen and style. Wordsworth was depicts as a polytheist. As per the Oxford word reference â€Å"pantheism† (cause: mid eighteenth century: from skillet ‘all’ + Greek theos †‘god’ + - ism) is â€Å"a principle which recognizes God with the universe, or sees the universe as an appearance of God. † He accepted that Nature spoke to the appearance of God. In Wordsworth’s sonnets we can see that there are solid connections among man and nature. He’s motivated chiefly essentially. His works are portrayed by his philosophy of mirroring an extraordinary reverence towards Nature. His love towards it is communicated with no impediments. Clearly Wordsworth used to pace all over a long way while he concocted his sonnets †drenching himself in the wonderful serenity that encompassed him. The sonnet â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring† is a piece of the assortment Lyrical ditties, distributed in 1798 and considered to have denoted the start of the English Romantic development in writing. The sonnet is made out of six four-line verses, and is written in iambs with an abab rhyme plot for every refrain. The title â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring† itself is dubious, however it gives the impression of reestablished life and magnificence. In the sonnet the writer contrasts the condition of humankind and the condition of nature. He recommends that humankind and nature are not as various as they are from the perspective of bliss, when he composes: â€Å"To her reasonable works did Nature connect The human spirit that through me ran; And much it lamented my heart to think What man has made of man. † (lines 4-8) Wordsworth composes â€Å"To her reasonable works did Nature connect/The human spirit that through me ran†. lines 5-6), that shows that agreeing the creator the human spirit and the normal world are a piece of a similar solidarity. One of the artistic gadgets which Wordsworth utilizes is the representation: â€Å"And ’tis my confidence that each blossom/Enjoys the air it breathes† (11-12). The blossom is given a human attribute of â€Å"enjoyi ng the air it breaths†. Another exemplification is in refrain 5, where he enables to the maturing twigs to spread out their fan to get the windy air: â€Å"The sprouting twigs spread out their fan,/To get the blustery air;†(17-18). Wordsworth additionally depicts the Nature as an animal when he enables it to design: â€Å"If this conviction from paradise be sent,/If such be Nature’s blessed plan,† (21-22). Another fascinating thing with regards to the sonnet is the way that the flawlessness of nature makes the speaker miserable. Despairing comes very quickly as a result of the differentiation among nature and humankind. The speaker appears to feel that it is his duty to consider the slip-ups of mankind. This is particularly clear in the inquiry presented in the last verse. Taking everything into account the writer gives two assumptions: that his conviction of bliss being available there is divine; and that the association of man with nature is the arrangement of God (Nature). On the off chance that these two are valid, at that point he certainly has motivation to regret over the man’s destiny welcomed on him because of living with his kindred people from nature: â€Å"Have I not motivation to mourn/What Man has made of Man? † (lines 23-24). In this sonnet the artist needs that there ought to be an ideal agreement among man and nature. And afterward the artist is baffled over the way that man has childishly ruin his own genuine feelings of serenity and delight of life. William Wordsworth adored the Nature. He viewed it as a recuperating power. This sonnet is a decent portrayal of its timespan on the grounds that it gives knowledge into what number of individuals disregarded nature, and the difficulties and ways of life of individuals during the Romantic time frame. William Wordsworth is a nature sweetheart as he constantly cherished the calm and tranquil nature. ature was a healer a medical caretaker an educator and as a defender to him. he constantly adored the eye getting hues and ponders of nature henceforth he was a ton motivated by the unstoppable force of life and its miracles. The polytheism is the way of thinking of putting stock in nature as the awesome reflection, every single object of nature speaks to God. Wordswort was a spiritualist writer, who in his different works depicts nature as a guide, educato r, mother, and even an item to fear and become familiar with the exercise of life.

The Lost Secret of Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard

The Lost Secret of Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard The New Fuss About Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard Nobody is supposed to take a person's life since they didn't give life. Money satisfies the bodily needs of the individual, but people will need to recognize that happiness isn't physical. Individuals that are focused on money find themselves working all of the time they don't have time to do the things they enjoy. Folks who possess plenty of money have more things than others that have a moderate quantity. The Benefits of Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard Other goals include the demonstration of excellent research abilities and deep understanding of the subject. Use the best terms you can imagine! Possessing fantastic research abilities and selecting a superb topic is vital. You need to read the example answers to have ideas about what are good varieties of answers and what are bad kinds of answers. Medicine, specifically, is among the spheres that's changing in a manner that puts a premium on communication skills (Back et al. 2009). Drug consumption is always linked to the possibility of creating an addiction. Begin with general subjects that you are conversant with then narrow down to a certain topic. Writing an essay is a critical role in academe life. As any guide on how best to compose a persuasive essay will inform you, your essay has to be organized in paragraphs with a logical progression from 1 paragraph to the next. To structure an essay, you have to simply comply with the aforementioned format. Just stick to the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a great persuasive essay. You still have to make an outstanding bit of writing. As soon as your writing is finished, make certain to have an editor review your essay for you. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. The target of a persuasive essay is to convince your readers your viewpoint is the suitable viewpoint. Weave in your perspective to turn your essay unique. A persuasive essay should be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Your persuasive essay will have many paragraphs. The Argument About Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard Additionally, each persuasive reason you offer ought to be supported by means of a fact or an example. Having evidence isn't enough. Without a thesis, it's impossible that you present a productive argument. Your persuasive argument is going to be made stronger if you're able to demonstrate that you're passionate about the subject and have a strong opinion one way or the other. State your primary argument explicitly. The necessity to enforce laws that were introduced into action is critical in the event the authorities would like to have the gun control policies to have a result. Main point is the heart of the entire writing and something which you're going to convince your readers in. Having found the side that you're standing for, you want to ensure you comprehend the viewpoint of the opposite side. Whatever They Told You About Dbq Project Essay Samples Constitution Guard Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why The perfect place to bear in mind is a completely free online English writing lab named Purdue OWL. There are a lot of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, excellent college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. While each particular criterion has its specific directions, to find a superb grade, you want to learn how to properly combine them. In most high schools, your capability of writing this kind of essay is going to be evaluated in class. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is needed in order to have a thriving life. At the exact same time, quite a few studies demonstrate that marijuanain its health care formcan be beneficial for patients experiencing serious diseases, such as cancer. Although some say absolutely free public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think totally free public transportation is too costly, and the government can't afford to cover it. Generally speaking, students are requested to compose assignments which take between 30 minutes and a complete hour. In any case, there have been talks (f or a very long while) that marijuana isn't just a relaxing, but in addition a recreational drug, and that in some situations, it may be used for medicinal purposes.

Juvenile Crime Statistics - 878 Words

JUVENILE CRIME STATISTICS PAPER Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper CJA/374 September 19, 2012 The information in this article gives statistics of juvenile crime in America ranging from the late 1980’s to 2008. Its purpose is to take the information provided in these studies over the past 20 years or so to guide efforts and address the disparities among the youth to combat and prevent juvenile delinquency to better the lives of our children and for the future of our nation. The overall rate for juvenile arrests has gone down substantially in the two years of 2006-2008 following its recent high peak back in 2004. For violent crimes the FBI uses and assesses trends in four categories that law enforcement†¦show more content†¦juvenile population ages 10-17 were 78% white, 16% black, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% American Indian. While the whites greatly outnumbered all other Minorities Black juveniles made up the majority of arrests for violent crimes in 2008. Black being at 52% while whites were at 47%. For property crimes, whites made up the majority there with 65% while the blacks made up 33%. It appeared that black youths committed more of the violent crimes, in the crime index rate for 2008 arrest per 100,000 juveniles in the racial group. Black youths made up of (926) crimes 5 times that of whites with (178). The only explanation I could think of for such large differences in the number of arrests and crimes committed is the economic differences between the whites and blacks. Blacks are typically raised in poor ghetto areas while whites are not, causing different life styles and living conditions. With the assessment of tracking juvenile arrests, you see the trends in crime and how often that specific crime is committed. You can get a better understanding of what provisions and interventions have worked and what have not, so that in the future there can be more programs that can specifically target a certain crime and have more success and less repeat of the past. Reference Charles Puzzanchera (2009) National Criminal Justice Reference Service article â€Å"Juvenile Arrests 2008,† Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime Statistics677 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment; Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper CJA374 Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes Francisco Jorge Flores Sr. December 3rd, 2012 Mrs. Amy Gordon University of Phoenix Write a 700 to 1,050 word paper summarizing the key points of the â€Å"Juvenile Arrests 2008† article. 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Remote Access And Using Extensible Authentication Protocol...

Remote Access Business today never sleeps in large part to advances in technology. Because of this, users often need access to sensitive company data outside the office which presents many security challenges. Not only is the end user accessing your network resources and potentially sensitive data, but they are many times doing so from a public network which the admin has no control over and is open to others who may have malicious intent. These connections clearly need to be properly secured in order provide end users secure network connections. To secure remote connections, a virtual private network (VPN) will created using the Routing and Remote Access feature available within Windows Server 2012 R2. This feature allows end users to create a secure connection to the network by using Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Level Security (EAP-TLS) in addition to smartcards for authentication purposes. Traffic will also be encrypted by using Layer Two Tunneling Protocol over IP SEC (TechNet, 2016). To implement this configuration properly, the certificate authority mentioned above will be used to provide certificates to the servers and clients to authenticate and encrypt transmissions over public networks. The network firewall will be configured to accept this traffic and direct it to the VPN server. This configuration will allow secured remote connections to network resources for employees and end users. Malware Protection To properly protect network resourcesShow MoreRelatedWireless Security And The Internet1404 Words   |  6 PagesWireless Security Protocols - A Brief History Different protocols for wireless security were used throughout the years. In 1997, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) was introduced. It is a security algorithm that was part of the original 802.11 standard. It was suppose to provide data confidentiality comparable to that of wired networks. 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The way thatRead MoreExample Of Platform Iot896 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment. The platform ManIoT also takes into account the heterogeneity of the devices or things. So ManIoT not require major modifications or installations of additional software on the devices on the network or on user devices. Application access platform ManIoT and conducted through a Web interface. \begin{figure}[!ht] \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.54]{maniot.PNG} \caption{ManIoT: Local Management Architecture.} \label{fig:Local} \end{figure} The ManIoT specify a model

Business Economics Monopolistic Competition

Question: Discuss about the Business Economics for Monopolistic Competition. Answer: Introduction The market may be defined as a place where there is presence of buyers and sellers with regards to either a particular product or multiple products and interact with each other for purposes of exchange. The internal dynamics and the distribution of market power across various participants is different depending upon the underlying product and the demand and supply force associated with the product. The various options in this regards are oligopoly, monopoly, perfect competition, monopolistic competition etc. (Krugman Wells, 2013). The focus of this particular essay is towards monopolistic competition. It may be defined as a market structure which has elements of both perfect competition and monopoly. This market structure is characterized by the presence of a host of suppliers or sellers which tend to sell products that are differentiated in nature. The firms do not have complete power on the prices but do have reasonable power to impact the same (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). Coffee industry in Australia is an apt example of a monopolistic competition. There is an increase in the consumption of coffee and the players in the industry are driven by the intent to earn maximum profits, As a result, the essay aims the highlight how monopolistic competition I visible in the case of Australian coffee industry. Australian Coffee Industry - Monopolistic Competition There is a continuous uptrend in the consumption of coffee which is apparent from the supporting statistics and a double digit growth with regards to consumption that are provided below (IBIS, 2016). The corresponding graph capturing the above trend is shown below. There are a number of brands that are marketing coffee in which the prominent ones are Nestle and Vittoria. However, the brand having the largest market share in the coffee market is Nestle which boasts of product quality and nutritive value (Campbell Compagnoni, 2016). The company engages in aggressive promotion so as to differentiate its product from competitors and also enable enhancement of brand visibility and brand value. As a result of this, many popular cafes based in Australia (example Circa and Coffee with James) tend to source coffee from Nestle only (Nestle, 2016). The prime offering of Nestle is Nescafe which tends to be available in a plethora of variants so as to match with the specific requirements of different consumers. Another company which acts as a competitor to Nestle and is a prominent player in the Australia coffee market is Vittoria Food and Beverage. The company tends to differentiate its product on the basis of unique taste and a strong brand which has had presence in Australian markets for more than 50 years. The companys daily estimated volume sales to supermarkets alone are 1.3 million cups. The company has a host of brands namely Delta, Aurora besides Vittoria under which the products are sold (Vittoria, 2016). From the above discussion on the two major players in the Australian coffee industry, it is apparent that the underlying market dynamics resemble that of monopolistic competition. This is evident from the fact that even though both the above mentioned companies are selling the same product i.e. coffee but are differentiating these through product attributes and branding (Heffernan, 2015). This non-price based competition is in line with monopolistic competition market characteristics. Besides, in this industry, the entry and exit barriers are relatively low and hence the entry and exit of firms is relatively free and unhindered. Further, even though customers may taste all the available brands of coffee in the market but it is not possible to objectively ascertain the best coffee available and essentially this would be driven by the subjective preferences and evaluation of customer (Mankiw, 2014). Also, the demand curve corresponding to coffee industry is downward sloping as rising prices adversely impacts the demand or consumption of coffee. Further, the elasticity of demand is also relatively high as the consumer does have substitutes in form of different brands although some degree of brand loyalty cannot be denied. The sellers in a monopolistic competition market tend to focus on making the maximum profits which is also adhered to in the case of Australian coffee industry (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). The optimum output level should be the point where the MR and MC are equal. Further, using the demand curve, the price may be modified. The pricing strategies of coffee players are driven by the intention to enhance their market share. However, in the short run the firms are able to make profits as long as the marginal revenue is greater than the average cost as shown in the graph below (Krugman Wells, 2013). It is apparent from the above graph that in order to maximize their respective profit, the sellers should ensure that price should be greater than the average cost. Since, in the short run, the sellers are able to make profit, thus over a period of time more suppliers would enter the market due to low entry barriers. This would tend to lower the price of coffee to such a lower where the company would not earn any economic profit as indicated in the graph below (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). Thus, the central concern of the suppliers in the monopolistic competition market is to gain high market share through differentiation, This lowers the overall average cost and also provides greater market power with regards to price and thus it helps in achievement of profit maximizing goal (Mankiw, 2014). The attempts for this are also visible in the Australian coffee industry (Heffernan, 2015). Conclusion On the basis of the above, it may be concluded that coffee industry is booming in Australia and is an apt example of monopolistically competition market. The various features associated with such a market are closely followed by the Australian coffee industry. The players present tend to be motivated by the desire to earn maximum profits and indulge in non-price based competition. Further, the entry and exit barriers are low for the industry which facilitates entry of new firms in the long term which exert a downward pressure on the profitability of the coffee industry. References Campbell, L Compagnoni, T 2016, Australians Love Coffee. We Have Proof, The Huffington Post, Available online from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2015/08/25/australians-love-coffee-we-have-proof/ (Accessed on August 20, 2016) Heffernan, M 2015, Booming coffee market moves into consolidation phase, The Sydney Morning Herald, Available online from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/booming-coffee-market-moves-into-consolidation-phase-20150317-1m1g1p.html (Accessed on August 20, 2016) IBIS 2016, Cafes and Coffee Shops in Australia: Market Research Report, IBIS World, Available online from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=2015 (Accessed on August 20, 2016) Krugman, P Wells, G 2013, Microeconomics, 3rd eds. Worth Publishers, London Mankiw, G 2014, Microeconomics, 6th eds., Worth Publishers, London Nestle 2016, About Nestle, Nestle Website, Available online from https://www.nestle.com.au/aboutus (Accessed on August 20, 2016) Nicholson, W Snyder, C 2011, Fundamentals of Microeconomics, 11th eds., Cengage Learning, New York Pindyck, R Rubinfeld, D 2001, Microeconomics, 5th eds., Prentice-Hall Publications, London Vittoria 2016, Vittoria Food Beverage. Vittoria Website, Available online from https://vittoriafandb.com/coffee.asp (Accessed on August 20, 2016)